Tibetan Singing Bowls

Tibetan Singing Bowls like the ones used during the prayer services at the Van Hanh Buddhist Center have a long history in the practice of Buddhism. According to this website, the metal bowls date back to the time of Buddha Shakyamuni (560-480 BCE). The sounds produced are used to invoke a state of relaxation and aid in meditation. Below is a video of  typical singing bowl sounds:

Women in Religion

In coming to Loyola, there are two things that I have learned that have ultimately resonated with me the most: 1) New Orleans is a very diverse city, full of unique and vivacious people, and, 2) Women are often oppressed in every aspect of society.  While we covered the first point extensively in our examination of numerous different religious affiliations, I also began to take note of the role women took in religions.  In each of the places that we visited, I realized that each one had a male pastor or minister.  Even in progressive religions, such as First Church of Christ, Scientist, I found that the First Reader was a male, while the Second Reader was a female.  The First Reader explains the significance of the passages read throughout the ceremony while the second reader merely reads from the Bible and sits idly by.  I find it fascinating that people do not look at this huge issue.  Women are overlooked in religions.  In Hinduism  they are expected to kill themselves when their husbands pass away.  In Christianity women are expected to "honor" men, and the famous creation story of Adam and Eve taught that Eve was made from Adam in order to keep him company.  Women have always been second to men, and I find it interesting how this plays out in New Orleans, such a diverse city.

First Church of Christ, Scientist

First Church of Christ, Scientist

For my religious visit, I went to First Church of Christ, Scientist located on Nashville Avenue.  First Church of Christ, Scientist are Christian Scientists.  This religion was founded by Mary Baker Eddy in Boston Massachusetts after she became very sick and read the Gospels subsequently healing her.  They believe that through the study of Christ's life and teachings, they can better become one with God, who is entirely good.  They believe that in emulating Jesus, they will be healed, in the physical, mental, and spiritual sense.  Their service was very formal and they had a very small congregation.  They elect readers who read from the Bible and Eddy's book.  Their congregation is mainly comprised of upperclass middle-aged and elderly people.  They were very welcoming and kind, although their service was highly confusing and very stiff.  It is a great example, however, of New Orleans hospitality and a very strict religion.

Pope Francis

Pope Francis courtesy
of Wikipedia

New Orleans is a very Catholic city, so I think it is important to look at the new Pope.  Many things are changing in the Vatican, due to the fact that the new Pope, Pope Francis, is a Jesuit.  When Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI abruptly resigned from Papacy on February 28th, 2013, Pope Francis was chosen to take over.  Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI has been taken hidden from the public, yet when he has been seen, he has proven to look progressively more frail.  As of late, Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI's successor has surprisingly come out to support the crackdown on US Nuns.  Apparently, too many US Nuns were taking on feminist viewpoints and spreading these viewpoints, thus 80% of US Nuns are under review.  Because Nuns are such a great influence on New Orleans, a very liberal city in the midst of a largely conservative state, it will be interesting to see how this crackdown affects New Orleans.

The Sign of the Cross

Growing up in the Catholic religion, I have made the sign of the cross plenty of times. We make this gesture when opening and closing a prayer as well as when we walk into church for that is God's home. I was always taught that the sign of the cross meant that one was acknowledging the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as one, but in reality the gesture has six meanings: a confession of faith; a renewal of baptism; a mark of discipleship; an acceptance of suffering; a defense against the devil; and a victory over self-indulgence.

When we make the sign of the sign of the cross, we are professing our belief in the Father, and in the Son and in the Holy Spirit. When we say the words and pray in someone's name we declare their presence, and if we declare their presence obviously we believe in them. The sign of the cross is a renewal of the sacrament of baptism because when we make it, we are implying that "I died with Christ and rose to new life." This gesture links us to the body of Christ, which also shows our discipleship to the Lord and Savior. The sign of the cross is remembering that Jesus became a man and suffered for us and that we participate in Christ's suffering. It says, "I am willing to embrace suffering to share in Christ's suffering." When we sign ourselves, we are declaring to the devil, "Hands off. I belong to Christ; he is my protection." Last of all, we make the sign of the cross when we are suffering with an issue. When one is suffering, the sign of the cross gives them comfort that they will overcome it. 

Daily Life of a Zen Monk

Yesterday's presentation of the Zen Center was very interesting and inspiring. I was always obsessed and curious with Zen culture since I was little, having watched so many Asian movies with my uncle. Probably the main thing that interests me is their simple way of life. In an age where technology and worldly pleasures dominates, they choose to reject it all. Someday I hope to experience such a simple way of life even if it's for a short period of time. Coming from a very strict and traditional family, I find that I would align perfectly with their many practices of discipline. I found a short video entitled "A Day in the Life of a Zen Monk" that gives a brief insight on the daily life of Zen monks.

New Orleans Religions

In signing up for this class I wasn't really sure what to expect, but I am so glad that I took it. I would have to say this class has taught me so much about New Orleans, and just religion in general. One of the reasons I chose to go to school in New Orleans was because it is like no place else in the world. When I first came here for a visit I remember walking through the French Quarter and all over downtown and saying to myself this is one of the most fascinating places I have ever been to. Learning about the culture of this city has just made me love it even more. When we studied the Mardi Gras Indians and the history of Mardi Gras I found out things that I had never known, let alone even thought about. On top of this, going to all the congregations was a real eye-opening experience as well. I knew New Orleans was a Catholic city, but to be able to see how they practice their religion first-hand was really awesome. Overall this class was one of my favorites this year because not only did I discover new things about New Orleans, I actually learned things that interested me and will never forget. 

David Koresh

Drawing depicting David Koresh's life 

After hearing about the Branch Davidians, I not only wanted to know more about it, but I was particularly interested in David Koresh's life before he because leader of them. Koresh liked for people to think of him as a loser and often lied and said he dropped out of sch

ool years before he actually did. David Koresh wasn't actually his real name, rather he was born Vernon Wayne Howell. He was dyslexic but he learned to write and turned out to be an average student but dropped out in the 11th grade.

As a young boy he loved music and going to the Adventist church with his grandmother. By 12 he was already lecturing other boys with long, memorized scripture. As he got older his passion got bigger. Throughout his teens he rambled around, worked on his guitar skills, and even got a preacher's teenage daughter pregnant and left her. In 1981 he moved to Waco to live at Mount Carmel, the Branch Davidian compound. In the mid-1980s Howell traveled to Israel, and when he came back he believed that he had the "spirit". 

In 1990 he changed his name to Koresh after King Cyrus, who allowed the Jews to return to their homeland. Koresh claimed to have unlocked Seven Seals within the Book of Revelation. Generally, the Seven Seals are supposed to portend events leading to the apocalypse. 

Koresh followed the teaching of "spiritual weddings" which would take place between him and any female follower that God wanted him to have. This meant that he could marry underage girls and even legally married women. Although some followers observed his actions as a test of their faith, some other followers refused to deal with it and left the convent. 

UpStairs Lounge Fire

Plague in New Orleans dedicated to the Upstairs Lounge

The Upstairs Lounge arson attack occurred in 1973 at a gay bar in New Orleans. It was the last day of gay pride weekend and Metropolitan Community Church was holding their services there on the second floor. At the time of the fire about sixty people were were listining to music and discussing an upcoming MCC fundraiser. 

At around 8 o clock the fire was started and everyone in the bar was running for safety. The bartenders, pastors, and even members of the church were all trying to save one another and get everyone to safety. Unfortunately not everyone was saved and thirty-two people ended up dying in this 16 minute fire. Since people ran back in to go save people, it was seen in the aftermath of the fire that some of the people died with others in their arms trying to get them back to safety. 

After the fire the arson attack got a lot of coverage and the victims all had funerals in which were recognized all over the city. Reverend William P. Richardson of St. George's Episcopal Church agreed to hold a small prayer service for the victims of June 25th. Lots of people didn't agree with him for holding a service so he recieved over 100 complaints and a mailbox loaded with hate mail. Eventually two memorial services were held at Unitarian Church and St. Marks United Methodist Church. During the time of the funerals a few anonymous individuals stepped up and paid for three unknown men's burials. 

Branch daviden

In the presentation on Tuesday, professor Wessinger talked about the incident that happened with the Branch Daviden. In that presentation, we learned how the government caused the death of a massive number of people who belonged to the Branch Daviden congregation and how they tried to cover up the incident using the FBI. This incident to me seem like one of the many underhanded things the government does when you consider incidents like the Vietnam war and recently the government's lie about the weapons of mass destruction in Iran, though the reasoning behind why the government targeted the Branch Davidens and what they had to gain is still remains a mystery to me. 

ZEN

This Sunday I plan on visiting the zen temple on Camp St. as part of my religious visit. Before my visit I did some research on what Zen is and found that Zen is a practice where a person sit in a particular position and and focus only and breathing. This practice is known as Zazen, which means seated meditation.

Rosaries

rosary

In Catholicism, a rosary is a "crown of roses" that is used to pray to the Virgin Mary. It is called a crown of roses because catholics believe that each time they say a Hail Mary they are giving her a beautiful rose and that each complete Rosary makes her a crown of roses. The rose is the queen of flowers, and so the Rosary is the rose of all devotions and it is therefore the most important one. It is considered to be a perfect and humble prayer, like the Virgin Mary is. It is used to commemorate the events of Jesus's life. The way you use this for prayer is:

1. Make the Sign of the Cross and say the "Apostles' Creed."
2. Say the "Our Father."
3. Say three "Hail Marys."
4. Say the "Glory be to the Father."
5. Announce the First Mystery; then say the "Our Father."
6. Say ten "Hail Marys," while meditating on the Mystery.
7. Say the "Glory be to the Father."
8. Announce the Second Mystery; then say the "Our Father." Repeat 6 and 7 and continue with Third, Fourth and Fifth Mysteries in the same manner. (taken from here) 

People pray the rosary, usually, after a confession. It is not considered to be a punishment, rather a form of penance, where the person can reflect on their spiritual sin and grow from this.

Zen Gardens

Maybe not part of a specific religion, but as a method for enhancing meditation is the zen garden. Originated in Japan, they are meant to capture the essence of nature, not necessarily replicating it. These gardens are thought to enhance meditation and therefore a connection to nature and God. They have existed at least since 784 in Japan. They are thought to bring peace to the mind and soul. White sand and gravel had long been a feature of Japanese gardens. In the Shinto religion, it was used to symbolize purity, and was used around shrines, temples, and palaces. In zen gardens, it represents water, or, like the white space in Japanese paintings, emptiness and distance. Every aspect of the gardens is used to represent something greater in nature but they are placed in a composition of unity and balance to enhance relaxation and peace of mind. 

Zen Garden

Covenant of the Pentacle Wiccan Church

The Covenant of the Pentacle Wiccan Church was founded in 1994 in New Orleans by Arch-Priestess Emeritus Velvet Rieth. While their website offers little in the way of their founding and their history in New Orleans, it does detail their theology well. The mission of the church is to bring people of many backgrounds together for worship and learning. Wiccans worship the anthropomorphized embodiment of nature, the Mother Goddess, and her consort Cernunnos, the Horned God. The Horned God, portrayed as a man with antlers embodies the creatures in nature, as well as the various death and rebirth cycles that keep nature flourishing. To equate him to Satan due to his appearance would be grossly incorrect; since Wiccan has no embodiment of evil and that the Horned God doesn’t embody anything that would be considered evil. Wiccan traditions date back to the Stone Age peoples of Northern Europe.  They view everyone as divine and that divinity is gender neutral. Wiccan ethics, like most other religions, is based off of the Golden Rule, although they do not accept the concept of sin. Wiccan festivals like Beltane and Lammas celebrate natural forces and occurrences like fertility and the harvest. The full moon of every month is a very important day, and the month it takes place in determines which spells would work best. All members of the church can become priests and priestesses, and there are a number of ranks of priesthood ranging from First Degree to Elder. The New Orleans clergy is made up of Rev. Velvet Rieth and Debra Jeffreys, both Fourth Degree Priestesses (an honourary title in the church) as well as Susan Kagan and Linda Murphy, Third Degree Priestesses. The Church offers various religious services for the community of New Orleans as well as Prison Ministry and Military Outreach. Their website does not mention anything about charity services. Their website is: www.swampwitch.net/

The Process Church of the Final Judgement

The Process Church of the Final Judgment originally developed in London in the 1960s and 1970s, founded by Robert and Mary Anne DeGrimston. As an offset of Scientology, the Process Church was denounced by L. Ron Hubbard, forcing them to flee to a small town in Mexico where the majority of its dogma developed. While in Mexico, the church recognized Jehovah and the one true God but over time, began to accept Jehovah, Lucifer and Satan as the Three Great Gods of the Universe, and saw Jesus Christ as their emissary. Jehovah was the stern and wrathful god that demands discipline from humanity, Lucifer was the Light-Bringer who encouraged the enjoyment of life and Satan was the receiver of lost souls, who instilled in humanity both the desire to overcome human desires and the desire to sink into them. Between Gods and humanity was an hierarchy of various angels, demons, archangels, elementals and watchers. The Church believes that Lucifer and Jehovah are opposites and that Christ and Satan are opposites. Once Christ and Satan are reconciled, Jehovah and Lucifer will be united. Because the Process Church views Lucifer and Satan as gods, they have been deemed as a satanic cult. The church eventually set up headquarters in New Orleans and has become one of the most notorious cults of all time. The Process Church still exists today, although it is nowhere near as dark as people would like to believe and most of the urban legends surrounding are based more on fear than fact. Timothy Wyllie has written extensively on the Church and is considered an academic expert on them.

The Four Rules One Must Live By

The people of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness believe that living a spiritual life. In order to live such a spiritual life, they believe in abiding by four principles. These four principles include:
1. No eating of meat (including fish and eggs): The people of ISKCON believe in reincarnation, and whatever one does in this life will be paid for in the next. Therefore if one were to kill an animal they would be killed and eaten by a human in their next life.
2. No illicit sex: The people of ISKCON believe that sex is only allowed when married and is only to produce children to be raised Krishna conscious.
3. No gambling: The people of ISKCON believe that one should not gamble because it is a game of chance.
4. No intoxication of the body: The people of ISKCON believe that one should not intoxicate their body with caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, or any other recreational drugs. Therefore they do not drink tea, coffee, liquor, or drugs.
To an outsider like myself, these rules seem a little intense, but to the Krishna followers it it their way of life. In order to live the life that Krishna wants, one must live a simple one.

Dinner of one who follows the ISKCON rule of consuming no meat.
Photo Credit: Google Images

Zazen

In zazen one must focus on two elements one's posture and breathing. Zazen is the meditation of the practice of Zen. To begin zazen you pic out a pillow and you place it one the floor about a foot from the wall. You should be dress in comfortable clothing. Then you sit on your pillow in the position below.You stretch your spinal cord, arching your lower lumbar region., head to the sky, knees to the ground, hands as though your holding a large egg, and 

ISKCON

For my religious visit, I went to ISKCON New Orleans. ISKCON stands for the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. This religion derives from Hinduism, and they praise their Lord Krishna through chanting and offering gifts. When we visited, they began by chanting and ringing bells. One might ask, "what do they chant?" The only thing that I recognized when they were chanting was their prayer. Like a Christian's Our Father, the people of ISKCON pray "Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare" on their prayer beads. Throughout their chanting, they danced and gave all their attention to their Lord. This was an awesome experience because it allowed me to see a different type of praising. Instead of going to a mass like I do every week, I got to participate in a chanting ritual. Even though I was not that familiar with their Lord, I still got to understand their love and devotion to Krishna. 

Photo Credit: Google Images

Ordination of Women

Group of Women ordained as Priests in a Protestant Church.

After Tuesday's presentation on Touro Synagogue, I was curious as to why ordination of women is so uncommon in religions. I know women have an important role in most if not all religions, but the role is usually limited to a lower sect such as a branch or order of nuns. I know in Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, and Judaism this is pretty much the case. Ordination of women do occur in these religions but usually at a denominational level. However, in Protestant, Anglican, and Hinduism ordination of women is openly accepted and often women are equal to the men's counterparts. For the most part, many African religions expresses the same themes (as recalled from earlier class materials). Such a topic has sparked numerous issues and concerns, especially for the Catholic Church. It's basically a argument between reformers and traditionalist. You can read articles of such a discussion here and here.

Van Hanh Buddhist Center

My visit to the Van Hanh Buddhist Center out in New Orleans East was a great experience as it allowed me to view religion from the perspective of a different culture. I'm not going to make this blog about a religious report because I would prefer to discuss it in class. Instead I wanted to share some of the pictures taken from my visit to give you all an idea of how different the place looks like.

This is a of a statue of Kwan Yin who is regarded as the female Buddha.

This is a statue of an unknown saint that stands near the entrance of the temple. Incense sticks and candles are placed next to the statue as an offering.

The interior of the temple. The Buddha resides behind the altar. Notice the pillows on the floor that are used for meditating. The small wooden podiums are where the Cau An scriptures are placed to be read aloud.

Fiddler on the Roof

 Tuesday's presentation on Touro Synagogue and Temple Sinai both reflect a denomination of Reform Judaism, one in which Jewish customs and traditions should be modernized. For some particular reason, that reminded me of a movie entitled Fiddler on the Roof. I watched the film in my sophomore year of high school so the details may be a bit unclear. The film is an adaptation of the popular musical by Jerry Bock. The film centers on a Jewish family living in a town of Tsarist Russia in 1905. The Tevye family is considered to be a poor family and Reb Tevye struggles in his position as the head of the household. His problems revolve around his daughters and their marriages. Throughout the movie, Tevye is faced with the reality that his family is breaking down, in which Tevye refuses to accept. Since the movie is a musical adaptation, the songs also express themes of tradition and family values.

 If you happen to come across the chance to see the musical I highly recommend it (it may be weird if you don’t grasp the situation/background though). Or you can watch/browse the film on YouTube. I am pretty sure the film has copyright protections and whatnots, but I believe it’s something called: utilizing resources.